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📘 1. Present Tense – (Vartamaan kaal)

✅ A. Simple Present

📌 Use: Roz ke kaam, aadatein, sachchai (facts) ke liye

🔹 I go to school. (Main school jaata hoon.)

🔹 The sun rises in the east.

✅ B. Present Continuous

📌 Use: Abhi ka kaam chal raha hai

🔹 I am eating food. (Main khana kha raha hoon.)

✅ C. Present Perfect

📌 Use: Kaam abhi-abhi khatam hua hai ya uska result abhi hai

🔹 She has finished her homework. (Usne homework khatam kar liya hai.)

✅ D. Present Perfect Continuous

📌 Use: Kaam kuch samay se lagataar ho raha hai aur abhi bhi ho raha hai

🔹 He has been reading for 2 hours. (Woh 2 ghante se padh raha hai.)

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📘 2. Past Tense – (Bhootkaal)

✅ A. Simple Past

📌 Use: Koi kaam jo past mein ho chuka ho

🔹 I watched a movie yesterday. (Kal maine movie dekhi.)

✅ B. Past Continuous

📌 Use: Koi kaam us waqt ho raha tha

🔹 I was sleeping at 10 PM. (Main 10 baje so raha tha.)

✅ C. Past Perfect

📌 Use: Do past actions mein pehle wala kaam

🔹 He had eaten before I came. (Mere aane se pehle usne khana kha liya tha.)

✅ D. Past Perfect Continuous

📌 Use: Koi kaam past mein kuch samay tak ho raha tha

🔹 She had been studying for 3 hours. (Woh 3 ghante se padh rahi thi.)

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📘 3. Future Tense – (Bhavishya kaal)

✅ A. Simple Future

📌 Use: Aane wale samay mein kuch karna hai

🔹 I will go to the market. (Main market jaunga.)

✅ B. Future Continuous

📌 Use: Koi kaam bhavishya mein ek samay par ho raha hoga

🔹 He will be driving at 5 PM. (Woh 5 baje drive kar raha hoga.)

✅ C. Future Perfect

📌 Use: Bhavishya mein koi kaam kisi samay tak poora ho chuka hoga

🔹 They will have completed the work by tomorrow. (Woh kal tak kaam pura kar chuke honge.)

✅ D. Future Perfect Continuous

📌 Use: Bhavishya mein koi kaam ek samay tak lagataar chala hoga

🔹 She will have been working for 2 years by next month.

(Agle mahine tak use kaam karte 2 saal ho chuke honge.)

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📌 Summary Chart:

Tense Kab Use Karte Hain

Simple Present Roz ke kaam, aadatein, universal truth

Present Continuous Abhi ka kaam

Present Perfect Kaam abhi khatam hua

Present Perfect Continuous Kaam kuch der 

se ho raha hai aur abhi bhi ho raha hai

Simple Past Past mein kaam ho gaya

Past Continuous Past mein kisi samay pe kaam ho raha tha

Past Perfect Do kaam mein pehle wala

Past Perfect Continuous Past mein lambe samay tak chal raha kaam

Simple Future Aane wale samay ka kaam

Future Continuous Bhavishya mein kisi waqt pe kaam ho raha hoga

Future Perfect Bhavishya mein kisi waqt tak kaam poora ho chuka hoga

Future Perfect Continuous Bhavishya mein ek waqt tak lagataar chala hua kaam

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📘 Tense ke Sabhi Structure (Hindi + English)

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🔹 1. Simple Present Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + V1 (base form) + s/es (he/she/it ke saath) + Object

🟢 Example (Hindi): वह क्रिकेट खेलता है।

🔵 Example (English): He plays cricket.

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🔹 2. Present Continuous Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object

🟢 Example: मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ।

🔵 Example: I am studying.

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🔹 3. Present Perfect Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

🟢 Example: उन्होंने खाना खा लिया है।

🔵 Example: They have eaten the food.

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🔹 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + has/have been + V1 + ing + since/for + time

🟢 Example: वह 2 घंटे से पढ़ रही है।

🔵 Example: She has been studying for 2 hours.

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🔹 5. Simple Past Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + V2 + Object

🟢 Example: उसने फिल्म देखी।

🔵 Example: He watched a movie.

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🔹 6. Past Continuous Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object

🟢 Example: हम क्रिकेट खेल रहे थे।

🔵 Example: We were playing cricket.

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🔹 7. Past Perfect Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + had + V3 + Object

🟢 Example: वह जा चुका था।

🔵 Example: He had gone.

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🔹 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + had been + V1 + ing + since/for + time

🟢 Example: मैं दो घंटे से काम कर रहा था।

🔵 Example: I had been working for two hours.

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🔹 9. Simple Future Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

🟢 Example: मैं कल जाऊँगा।

🔵 Example: I will go tomorrow.

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🔹 10. Future Continuous Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + will/shall be + V1 + ing + Object

🟢 Example: वह पढ़ रहा होगा।

🔵 Example: He will be studying.

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🔹 11. Future Perfect Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + will/shall have + V3 + Object

🟢 Example: हम काम पूरा कर चुके होंगे।

🔵 Example: We will have completed the work.

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🔹 12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

📌 Structure:

👉 Subject + will/shall have been + V1 + ing + since/for + time

🟢 Example: वह दो साल से यहाँ काम कर रहा होगा।

🔵 Example: He will have been working here for two years.

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📌 Note:

V1 = Verb ka base form (eat, go, play)

V2 = Verb ka past form (ate, went, played)

V3 = Verb ka past participle (eaten, gone, played)

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